J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 21:314-322, Summer
doi: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.21.3.314
© 2009 American Neuropsychiatric Association
Education Effect on Depression and Quality of Life in Nondemented Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Nata a Klepac, M.D. and
Vladimir Trkulja, M.D., Ph.D.
Received March 6, 2008; revised July 13, 2008; accepted July 23, 2008. Dr. Klepac is affiliated with the Department of Neurology, University Clinical Hospital Center, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia; Dr. Trkulja is affiliated with the Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. Address correspondence to Vladimir Trkulja, M.D., Ph.D., Department of Pharmacology, Zagreb University School of Medicine, Salata 11, HR - 10 000 Zagreb, Croatia; vtrkulja{at}mef.hr (e-mail).
A comparison of nondemented Parkinson’s disease patients with lower, intermediate, and higher educational levels indicated an independent association between longer (better) education and less severe depressive difficulties based on the Beck Depression Inventory cognitive-affective items. Well-educated patients also had a better health-related quality of life based on the Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire-39, apparently due to beneficial effects of education on cognitive performance (attention/memory, visuospatial and executive functions) and the degree of depression. More years of education favors milder depressive difficulties and a higher self-perceived life satisfaction in nondemented Parkinson’s disease patients.
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